The Effect of Unilateral Ultraviolet Light on the Development of the Fucus Egg

1. When Fucus eggs which have been fertilized for a sufficient length of time are irradiated unilaterally with monochromatic ultraviolet light (lambda2804 A) of adequate dosage, 97-100 per cent form rhizoids on the halves of the eggs away from the source of radiation (see Figs. 1 and 2). 2. The responsiveness of the eggs increases gradually after fertilization and does not reach a maximum until about 7 hours at 15 degrees C. (see Fig. 3). The first rhizoids begin to form in a population at about 12 hours after fertilization. The responsiveness remains maximal until at least 11 hours after fertilization. 3. It is suggested that the low responsiveness of a population of eggs at an earlier period is due to recovery from the effects of irradiation before the rhizoids begin to form. 4. The response of eggs to lambda2804 A is proportional, over a wide range, to the logarithm of the dosage (see Fig. 1). Dosage was regulated by the duration of exposure during the period of maximum response. 5. High dosages of lambda2804 A, of the order of 10,000 ergs per mm.(2), cause the rhizoids to form fairly precisely away from the source of radiation (see Fig. 2). Twice this dosage inhibits rhizoid formation altogether without causing cytolysis. 6. Other wave-lengths which have also been shown to be effective are: 3660, 3130, 2654, 2537, 2482, and 2345 A. Only exploratory measurements have been made to test the effectiveness of these wave-lengths, but they show that much greater energy is necessary to obtain a strong response with lambda3130 and 3660 A, especially the latter. The wave-lengths shorter than 2804 A, on the other hand, show the same order of effectiveness as lambda2804 A. Some may be more effective. 7. A beam of lambda2804 A which is incident on a single layer of Fucus eggs is completely extinguished at 2, 3, 6, or 6(1/2) hours after fertilization. About 85 per cent of a beam of lambda3660 A is extinguished. The wave-length 3660 A is thus not so completely absorbed as lambda2804 A, but the difference in proportion absorbed by the egg is not nearly so great as the difference in effectiveness.